Dengue fever
Dengue fever is a viral infection that is spread by insects like mosquitoes in tropical regions of the planet. There are two types:
- Classical. With such a course of infection, there is a double-wave fever, exanthema, arthralgia and lymphadenopathy. Such a course of the disease can be called benign.
- Hemorrhagic fever. It should be noted that it occurs much less often. In this case, there is a thrombohemorrhagic syndrome, a shock. The probability of a lethal outcome is high.
This disease is considered the most common type of arbovirus diseases in humans. They also include the fever of the western Nile, the treatment of which has not yet been fully studied.
History of the disease
Already in 1779 in Indonesia appeared quitea detailed explanation of the nature of this disease. The very name "Dengue fever" originated in the USA in 1869. At that time, the disease was overwhelmed by a huge number of people, and deaths were a common practice.
In 1907, scientists found that the tropicalfever (another name) is viral in nature and that its causative agent is mosquitoes. Namely, these are their kinds: the Egyptian and tiger mosquito. But the latter carries the infection very rarely. Sources of the disease can be sick people and monkeys, in some cases - proteins and bats. Mosquitoes have the ability to become infected one to two weeks after the virus enters their body. Such mosquitoes can infect throughout their life, that is, 1-3 months.
Infection occurs after an insect bite. The virus penetrates into the cells of the reticulo-endothelial system, into the vascular endothelium, in which the virus replicates.
7 hours before the temperature rises, you canto observe virusemia. Infection, getting into human blood, soon spreads to all organs: the kidneys, the liver, the brain, muscles and connective tissue.
Symptoms of the disease
The incubation period lasts from five to eight days. There are several clinical forms:
- false-rheumatic;
- icterous;
- simulating appendicitis;
- meningo-encephalitis.
But the main name is two such species as hemorrhagic and classic Dengue fever.
The latter usually flows in a fairly mildform. Symptoms occur only with primary infection. Such a disease does not pose a particular danger. It begins acutely, with a sharp jump in temperature to 39-40 degrees. There is a headache, chills, pain in the joints, eyeballs and red fever (erythematous rash).
Two days later, you can note vomiting and nausea. After four days the temperature drops sharply and for some time the well-being improves. Then comes the second wave of temperature. With Dengue fever, the syndrome of a "leaden cape on the shoulders" is observed, manifested in severe weakness and complete impotence.
Appears scarlet fever or maculopapular rash. It is always accompanied by severe itching. After such a rash, scaling remains.
This disease can be infected four times in a lifetime. When there is a re-infection, another type of fever develops - dengue hemorrhagic fever.
This form is already very difficult. Symptoms that were mentioned above are added:
Bloody diarrhea;
- bloody vomiting;
- bruises on the body;
- petechiae and stuff.
The face of an infected fever becomespurple-red, eyes glittering feverishly. In addition, there is a sharp drop in pressure. There are four stages of hemorrhagic fever, and the third and fourth are shock. If you do not start on time to treat the disease, there will be a syndrome of DVS (violation of normal blood clotting). In 20% of cases, the patient's death occurs.
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