Environmental problems - water pollution. Sources of water pollution. The problem of pollution of the world ocean waters

Water is the most valuable natural resource. Its role is to participate in the exchange of all substances that are the basis of any life form. It is impossible to imagine the activities of industrial, agricultural enterprises without the use of water, it is indispensable in the everyday life of man. Water is necessary for everyone: people, animals, plants. For some, it is the habitat.

The rapid development of people's livelihoods, the inefficient use of resources led to the fact thatbiological problems (water pollution isnumber), have become too sharp. Their solution is the first place for humanity. Scientists and environmentalists around the world are sounding the alarm and trying to find a solution to the world problem of freshwater deficit.

Sources of water pollution

The causes of pollution are many, and not always the fault of the human factor. Natural disasters also harm clean water bodies, violate ecological balance.

The most common sources of water pollution are:

• Industrial, domestic sewage. Not passed the system of cleaning from chemical harmful substances, they get into a pond, provoke an ecological catastrophe.

• Acid rain. This is a common phenomenon, although it is rarely talked about. All industrial exhaust gases, exhausts of cars, having got into the atmosphere, return with rain back to the ground, reservoirs.

• Solid waste, garbage. Not just pollute the rivers, but even change the course of the current, hindering it. Possible spills of lakes and rivers.

• Organic pollution. Their natural decomposition (death of plants, animals).

• Technogenic catastrophes. Industrial accidents.

• Thermal, radiation contamination.

• The descents of mudflows, avalanches.

Influence of water pollution on living organisms

Regardless of the causes, water pollution bringssignificant harm. When a pollutant enters a living organism, a protective reaction is triggered. Certain toxins are neutralized by immunity, but in many cases it can not cope. Treatment and the adoption of cardinal measures are required. Depending on the sources of pollution, scientists determine such indicators of poisoning:

Genotoxicity. The impact of heavy metals and other dangerous microelements can change or damage the structure of DNA. In the development of the organism there are serious problems, various diseases develop.

Carcinogenicity. Oncological problems are often associated with the quality of water that we consume. The danger lies in the possibility of the degeneration of cells into cancerous cells.

Neurotoxicity. Chemical elements can influence the nervoussystem. Pollution of the world ocean water by heavy metals leads to unforeseen events. Everyone has heard about the release of whales from the water. Behavior of animals becomes inadequate. In some cases, they even begin to devour those who used to live peacefully with them.

Disrupted energy exchange. Pollutants, acting on mitochondria, lead to the fact that energy in the body simply ceases to be produced. The organism ceases to function, and even death occurs.

Reproductive failure. If the contamination of the reservoir killed the livingorganisms is not always probable, then reproductive capacity abnormalities occur in 100% of cases. It happens that in order to establish a genetic problem, it is necessary to artificially update the aquatic environment.

Diseases caused by dirty water

Environmental problems, water pollution leadto the spread of the most serious diseases. It is with this liquid that various pathogens and pathogens that carry hundreds of thousands of lives can enter the body. The most common diseases that dirty water brings are:

• cholera;

• typhus;

• giardiasis;

• enterovirus;

• amebiasis;

• schistosomiasis;

• mental abnormalities;

• gastritis;

• congenital malformation;

• burns of mucous membranes;

• oncology;

• violations of reproductive functions.

Regardless of the causes of water pollution, the prevention will be the use of filtered, bottled water. Some put silver objects in the water, they have a certain disinfecting effect.

Control of water treatment

Understanding that environmental problems and pollutionwater in particular poses a threat to mankind, at the state and international levels, requirements are created for the behavior of people and the activities of enterprises. The regulations for monitoring the operation of cleaning systems are developed:

Primary or mechanical. The main task is not to miss the largesubjects. On the sinks are installed retention grilles, filters. It is necessary to clean them in time, otherwise clogged grilles can provoke an accident.

Specialized. A certain type of contaminant is trapped. There are, for example, traps for oil stains, fats, flakes, they are precipitated with the use of coagulants.

Chemical. Such a system implies that wastewater will be used in a closed (repeated) cycle. At the output, substances are used that return it to its original form. This is technical water.

Tertiary cleaning. Water is treated with powders, specialcompounds, is filtered in stages, killing harmful organisms and destroying other substances. Used for household needs of citizens, as well as in the food industry, in agriculture.

Environmental problems - radioactive contamination of water

The main sources that pollute the World Ocean are the following radioactive factors:

• nuclear weapon tests;

• discharges of radioactive waste;

• Major accidents (vessels with nuclear reactors, Chernobyl NPP);

• burial at the bottom of the oceans, seas of radioactive waste.

Environmental problems and water pollutionare directly related to contamination with radioactive waste. For example, French and British nuclear plants have infected almost the entire North Atlantic. Our country became the culprit of pollution of the Arctic Ocean. Three nuclear underground reactors, as well as the production of Krasnoyarsk-26, clogged the largest river Yenisei. Obviously, radioactive products have landed in the ocean.

Pollution of world waters by radionuclides

The problem of water pollution of the Worldof the ocean. Let's briefly list the most dangerous radionuclides that fall into it: cesium-137; cerium-144; strontium-90; niobium-95; yttrium-91. All of them have a high bioaccumulating ability, pass through food chains and are concentrated in marine organisms. At the same time, there is a danger for both man and hydrobionts.

The water areas of the Arctic seas are subjected to strongcontamination of various sources of radionuclide intake. People blithely throw dangerous waste into the ocean, thereby turning it into a dead one. Man, probably forgot that the ocean - this is the main wealth of the earth. It has powerful biological and mineral resources. And if we want to survive, we must urgently take measures to save it.

Solutions

Rational water consumption, protection frompollution - the main tasks of mankind. Ways to solve environmental problems on water pollution lead to the fact that, first of all, great attention should be paid to discharges of hazardous substances into rivers. On an industrial scale, it is necessary to improve the technology for wastewater treatment. In Russia, it is necessary to introduce a law that would increase the collection of charges for discharges. The proceeds should be directed to the development and construction of new environmental technologies. For the lowest emissions, the fee should be reduced, this will serve as a motivation for maintaining a healthy ecological situation.

Great role in solving environmental problemsplays the upbringing of the younger generation. From an early age, it is necessary to teach children respect, love of nature. Instruct them that the Earth is our big house, for the order in which each person is responsible. Water should be protected, do not pour it thoughtlessly, try not to get into the sewer foreign objects and harmful substances.

Conclusion

In conclusion, I want to say that Russia's environmental problems and water pollution worry, perhaps, everyone. The thoughtless waste of water resources, the cluttering of rivers with various garbage led to the fact that there are very few clean, safe corners in nature. Environmentalists have become much more vigilant,multiple measures to restore order in the environment. If each of us thinks about the consequences of our barbaric, consumer attitude, the situation can be remedied. Only together, mankind will be able to save water, the World Ocean and, perhaps, the life of future generations.