Unemployment and its types, types and forms

Unemployment is a phenomenon that attractsattention of politicians, economists and sociologists. It is a very important indicator of the organization of society, and the higher the unemployment rate, the worse the economic and social state of the country. People who are unable to find a job are called unemployed, and statistical summaries of the number of these members of society determine its level, which is calculated from the number of able-bodied people.

Unemployment and its types: voluntary and involuntary

There are many types, types and forms of unemployment, and the first two main types are voluntary and forced.

In the first case, a person refuses to work. This is due to various reasons: low wages, lack of motivation for work or skills. The frequency of voluntary unemployment increases during economic instability.

Unemployment of waiting occurs when a person wants to work, the salary level suits him, but he can not find a vacant place.

Unemployment and its types: registered and marginal

Registered unemployment is the number of people who do not work, but are registered in an official institution and are on the waiting list for a vacant seat.

Marginal is the number of people who are not working,which are in the category of unprotected strata of the population. These include women, youth and the disabled, as well as representatives of the lowest social stratum.

Unemployment and its types: unstable and structural

The first type of unemployment means dismissal, which is caused by temporary reasons: for example, seasonal work or voluntary transfer to another service.

Structural unemployment occurs whenthe qualification of potential employees does not meet new requirements and standards. This happens when the country is undergoing economic restructuring, as it was in Russia in the 1990s: the profession market began to be updated with unknown specialties until then, but the society was not ready to make a sharp educational transition, which led to mass unemployment and the attraction of foreign specialists on the Russian labor market.

Unemployment and its types: institutional, frictional and hidden

Institutional unemployment occurs when the state limits the size of bets at a time when they could have been formed naturally.

Frictional unemployment is a normal phenomenon in a country with economic stability: thus, it means a temporary search for a more attractive job for the employee.

Hidden unemployment is a kind that implies the concealment of one's unemployed position from society.

Unemployment and its types

Some types of unemployment are divided into types. Forced unemployment is divided into three types:

• Cyclic. If the country is systematically experiencing a recession and the resumption of a certain production sector, then cyclical unemployment will develop here.
• Seasonal. Some sectors of the economy areseasons: for example, the agricultural area has many ramifications, and one of the jobs required in it is the cultivation of the land, only in the warm seasons (spring, summer, autumn).
• Technological. It is associated with the fact that some professions become irrelevant over time due to the replacement of human labor with machinery.

Hidden unemployment has two types:

• Formal. Occurs when production is partially stopped: people are formally listed in the state of the enterprise, but do not actually work.
• Informal. In this category, people who have not registered their unemployed position.

Unemployment and its forms

There are two forms of unemployment, depending on the number of people:

• The mass. It occurs when a country experienceseconomic recession: the mass closure of large enterprises, the lack of money in the budget to pay salaries, etc. Especially mass unemployment manifests itself in small towns, where a large enterprise closes, which facilitated the employment of the majority of the inhabitants of this settlement.
• Partial. Occurs when the demand for the products of the enterprise for some reason is reduced.

Thus, unemployment is a clear indicator of the country's social and economic state, it can arise for many reasons and have diverse forms and types.