Which elementary particle has a positive charge?
All matter consists of elements. But why is everything around us so different? The answer is related to tiny particles. They are called protons. Unlike electrons that have a negative charge, these elementary particles have a positive charge. What are these particles and how do they work?
Protons everywhere
Which elementary particle has a positivecharge? All that can be touched, seen and felt, consists of atoms, the smallest building blocks, which consist of solids, liquids and gases. They are too small to be considered more carefully, but they consist of things like your computer, the water you drink, and even the air you breathe. There are many types of atoms, including oxygen, nitrogen and iron atoms. Each of these types is called elements.
All atoms are unique
Atoms are very similar, however, different amountsprotons makes them a unique type of element. For example, oxygen atoms have 8 protons, hydrogen atoms have only 1, and gold atoms - 79. One can tell a lot about an atom by simply calculating its protons. These elementary particles are in the core itself. Initially, they were thought to be a fundamental particle, but recent studies have shown that protons consist of smaller ingredients - quarks.
What is a proton?
Which elementary particle has a positivecharge? It's a proton. This is the name of the subatomic particle, which is in the nucleus of each atom. In fact, the number of protons in each atom is an atomic number. Until recently, it was considered a fundamental particle. However, new technologies have led to the discovery that the proton consists of smaller particles called quarks. Quark is a fundamental particle of matter that has only recently been discovered.
An elementary particle with a positivea charge, is called a proton. These elements can be formed as a result of the appearance of unstable neutrons. After about 900 seconds, the neutron that has jumped off the nucleus decays into other elementary particles of the atom: a proton, an electron, and an antineutrino.
Subatomic particles: location and charge
Elements are characterized by their atomicstructure, consisting of subatomic elementary particles: protons, neutrons and electrons. The first two groups are in the nucleus (center) of the atom and have a mass of one atomic mass. Electrons are located outside the core, in zones called "shells." They almost do not weigh anything. When calculating the atomic mass, attention is drawn only to protons and neutrons. The mass of the atom is their sum.
Summing the atomic mass of all the atoms in the molecule,we can estimate the molecular mass, which is expressed in terms of atomic mass (the so-called daltons). Each of the heavy particles (a neutron, a proton) weighs one atomic mass, so the helium atom (He), which has two protons, two neutrons and two electrons, weighs about four atomic mass units (two protons plus two neutrons). In addition to location and mass, each subatomic particle has a property called a "charge". It can be "positive" or "negative".
Elements with the same charge tend to reflecteach other, and objects with opposite charges tend to attract each other. Which elementary particle has a positive charge? It's a proton. Neutrons do not have a charge at all, which gives the nucleus a general positive charge. Each electron has a negative charge, which is equal in strength to the positive charge of the proton. The electrons and protons of the nucleus are attracted to each other, and this is the force that holds the atom together, like the force of gravity that keeps the Moon in orbit around the Earth.
Stable subatomic particle
Which elementary particle has a positive charge? The answer is known: proton. In addition, it is equal in magnitude to the unit charge of the electron. However, its mass at rest is 1.67262 × 10-27 kg, which is 1836 times the mass of the electron. Protons together with electrically neutral particles, called neutrons, make up all the atomic nuclei, with the exception of hydrogen. Each nucleus of a given chemical element has the same number of protons. The atomic number of this element determines its position in the periodic table.
The discovery of a proton
An elementary particle with a positivecharge, is a proton, the discovery of which is dated by the earliest investigations of the atomic structure. When studying the fluxes of ionized gaseous atoms and molecules from which electrons were removed, a positive particle equal in mass to the hydrogen atom was determined. Ernest Rutherford (1919) showed that nitrogen, when bombarded with alpha particles, throws out what appears to be hydrogen. By 1920, he isolated from the hydrogen nucleus an elementary particle, calling it a proton.
High-energy investigations of particle physics inend of the twentieth century improved the structural understanding of the nature of the proton within a group of subatomic particles. It was shown that protons and neutrons consist of smaller particles and are classified as baryons - particles consisting of three elementary units of matter, known as quarks.
Subatomic particle: to a great unified theory
An atom is a small part of matter thatis a concrete element. For some time it was believed that it was the smallest part of matter that could exist. But at the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, scientists discovered that atoms consist of certain subatomic particles and that no matter what element, the same subatomic particles make up the atom. The number of different subatomic particles is the only thing that changes.
Scientists now recognize that there are many subatomicparticles. But in order to be successful in chemistry, you really need to deal only with the three basic ones: protons, neutrons and electrons. Matter can be electrically charged in one of two ways: positive or negative.
As an elementary particle with a positivecharge, called? The answer is simple: a proton, it is he who carries one unit of positive charge. And due to the presence of negatively charged electrons, the atom itself is neutral. Sometimes some atoms can get or lose electrons and get a charge. In this case, they are usually called ions.
Elementary particles of an atom: an ordered system
The atom has a systematic and orderlyA structure that provides stability and is responsible for all possible properties of matter. The study of these subatomic particles began more than a hundred years ago, and by now we already know a lot about them. scientists found out that most of the atom is empty and sparsely populated with "electrons." They are negatively charged light particles that rotate around the central heavy part, which is 99.99% of the total mass of the atom. It was easier to find out the nature of the electrons, but after numerous brilliant studies it became known that the nucleus includes positive protons and neutral neutrons.
Each unit in the universe consists of atoms
The key to understanding most of the properties of matterconsists in the fact that each unit in our universe consists of atoms. There are 92 natural types of atoms, and they form molecules, compounds and other types of substances to create a complex world around us. Although the name "atom" was derived from the Greek word átomos, which means "indivisible", modern physics has shown that it is not the final building block of matter and is indeed "divided" into subatomic particles. They are the real fundamental essences of which the whole world is composed.
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