Bearing and enclosing structures in modern construction

Any building is a residential high-rise building, miniaturea cottage, an office skyscraper or a nondescript extension in the suburban area in order to fully function and withstand all the loads, must meet the requirements and norms. Any building can not consist only of thin enclosing partitions and can not be erected by constructions directly on the ground, without installation of the base and the basis. In any building there are load-bearing and enclosing structures that perform different functions and are designed depending on a variety of values: snow and wind loads, constant load, and also taking into account such a parameter as the weight of the structure, dynamic and static influences (movement of people inside the building , the availability of furniture and equipment).

Types of buildings by type of load-bearing structures

Depending on which carrier layoutelements is selected for the construction of the building, they can be divided into several types. The first type is when only walls are used as load-bearing elements; in this case, bearing walls can be located along and across the building, and sometimes a mixed type is used. Such a calculation of load-bearing structures is often used in the design of residential buildings, since, in addition to performing the function of a bearing element, the walls also serve as partitions between different rooms. When it comes to industrial buildings, columns are often used as load-bearing structures. But if an administrative building is required for an industrial building, a combined type of planning is often used: columns and load-bearing walls. In any case, the load-bearing and enclosing structures are selected depending on the purpose of the building.

Materials

What are the materials used for manufacturingenclosing structures and load-bearing elements? As a rule, it is reinforced concrete and brick. If it is a frame structure of a building with supporting columns, then both ferro-concrete and metal elements can be used. Then, as reinforcing structures, reinforced concrete wall panels, brickwork, reinforced concrete and foam blocks are used. In addition, other materials can be used - wood, corrugated board, sandwich panels, etc. For the construction of residential buildings with frameless skeleton, as a rule, reinforced concrete, brick, natural stone are used. If the decision is made to use reinforced concrete, then panels, slabs and blocks of the necessary sizes are ordered. The brick is put in one or two rows. The thickness of the wall is chosen depending on what you need to erect - load-bearing and enclosing structures, or we are talking about partitions that can be an order of magnitude thinner. More to the enclosing structures are floor slabs that separate the building in a horizontal plane.

Additives

If it is a question of building an apartment house, thenbearing and enclosing structures, in addition to ensuring the reliability, strength and stability of the house, should also carry an energy-saving function. Simply put, to ensure maximum heat and noise insulation of the room. To do this, additional layers are often installed (if they were not provided for by the configuration of the enclosing wall): vapor barrier film, expanded polystyrene (basalt wool, foam, etc.)

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