How to Plant Jerusalem artichoke: step by step instructions
Residents of Russia have recently metwith Jerusalem artichoke as with vegetable culture, but interest in its cultivation in its dacha area is increasing. The fact is that this plant yields high yields, is resistant to diseases, endowed with excellent taste qualities, and is of great benefit to the body. So, the substances that make up the product are necessary for people suffering from hypertension and diabetes mellitus. How to grow Jerusalem artichoke in the country and how to care for this plant, we will tell in this article. Also we will tell about the usefulness of the earth pear, we will share the recipes of folk medicine.
What is an earthen pear?
Before you talk about how to plant Jerusalem artichoke, you need to describe the plant, so that people can fully realize that eventually grows.
Earth pear - so called Jerusalem artichoke in the peoplefor similar taste qualities, is a perennial plant. It multiplies by tubers and seeds. Externally, the plant resembles a sunflower. It is the same high, with a rich green foliage, on the top there is a small flower of bright yellow color. Can be used as a decoration of the site.
Benefit
Jerusalem artichoke during the flowering period will decorate the garden, and itsfruits - tubers, will become an excellent delicacy, which is of great benefit. In biochemical analysis it was found that there are a lot of starchy substances, minerals and vitamins in the ground pear.
Jerusalem artichoke is almost the onlyThe garden plant, which has in its composition a huge percentage of silicon. People of older age begin to feel discomfort in the joints, the bones become more fragile, and all because silicon in the body becomes smaller, and this affects the elasticity of tissues. The balance between the content of silicon and calcium in the body is the health of bones, and it needs to be maintained from a young age.
In addition, silicon helps to purifyorganism from toxins. If you become irritable, quickly get tired and sometimes feel utter impotence, then you know, this is a lack of silicon. Earth pear quickly replenishes its deficiency, it is well absorbed by the body. There is nothing easier than to grow Jerusalem artichoke at the dacha, and maintain the balance of all the necessary substances by preparing food from it. The taste of the tubers is pleasant, when cooking it becomes similar to the taste of sweetish potatoes.
The main advantage of Jerusalem artichoke isit contains a large amount of inulin. This substance is the only natural polysaccharide that can be absorbed without insulin. The ground pear is a necessary component of nutrition for people with diabetes.
Jerusalem artichoke contains vitamins C, B1, B2. Their amounts are several times greater than in carrots, potatoes and beets.
How to grow Jerusalem artichoke in the country? When to do this? What are the features of care for this amazingly useful and tasty plant? These questions are of interest to many truck farmers, and we decided to answer them in full.
What material for planting to choose?
As it was already written, earthen pearmultiplies both seeds and tubers. If you decide to plant seeds, then by autumn it will not come out to get a big harvest. The bush will grow small, and only a few small tubers are formed, it is from them that it is worth waiting for good fruits, but by next autumn.
There is nothing better than planting Jerusalem artichoke in the springtubers. In the first year you will be able to eat good, large fruits. That is why most often in order to get a full crop, rather than planting material, planting of tubers, or their fragments, is made.
Where to plant Jerusalem artichoke?
This plant is rather unpretentious to the soil. It will develop well if sufficient amounts of oxygen and moisture get into the ground. If there is not enough humus in the ground, then it does not matter. It is easily compensated by properly selected top-dressing.
It is not necessary to plant Jerusalem artichoke in a denseblack earth, where there will be little oxygen. In this case, even if there is sufficient nutrition, the plant will not yield a rich harvest. The soil must be well ventilated so that moisture does not stagnate.
Choose an open area, where it penetrates wellsunlight. And his preparation for the landing should begin already in the autumn, because planting Jerusalem artichoke in the spring is much easier and easier if the beds are ready.
Preparing the plot
When the site is selected, it is necessary to dig itbefore the onset of cold weather. The depth should be equal to the bayonet bayonet. We must remove the roots of weeds. All of them can not be chosen, but do not worry, because the lost parts will freeze over the winter. But not only therefore the plot is prepared from autumn. Before digging to the ground, lay manure, it will be the ideal fertilizer, and before the planting it will have time to perepret.
How to plant Jerusalem artichoke in the spring?
In most areas, the plant is planted inthe first May days. How to grow Jerusalem artichoke at the cottage in the open, if you live in the middle band? In this case, do not rush, you need to plant the tubers only when the soil warms to at least sixteen degrees. This may be the end of May.
Before planting an earthen pear (Jerusalem artichoke),you need to choose strong, large tubers. On them there should be no traces from pests and diseases. The quality of the planting material depends on how strong the plant grows, the autumn harvest of Jerusalem artichoke.
If you do not have the necessary amount of healthy,large tubers, then still do not plant bad. They will later give sprouts, and the harvest will be non-simultaneous. In this case, it is better to cut the quality material into several parts so that each one has a healthy, noticeable eye. That the plant is not unwell, cut places must be dried, and before planting, treat it with crushed coal.
We prepare the beds
Dug in the autumn of the site once again neededdig, loosen, break up large pieces, align, and create beds. Rows on the ridges should not be already 70 centimeters, and the distance between the trenches is not less than 30 centimeters. To stick to such intervals is extremely important, since the plant can reach two and a half meters in height during the summer, grow, and it will be very difficult for you to make your way through the solid wall of greenery to care for the earthen pear.
An important point in growing is the depth to plant Jerusalem artichoke. Wells should be about fifteen centimeters deep and about thirty in width. The distance between them is half a meter.
Under conditions of warm weather and maintenance of soil moisture, the first stems with pointed, heart-shaped young leaves will soon be erected.
The mistake of many gardeners
Most people who do not know how to correctlyplanting Jerusalem artichoke, believe that you can dig a tuber and near roads, where the land is "empty". Such an opinion is held by those who saw that the plant grows on its own, on abandoned wastelands. That's why, even planting an earthen pear by all the rules, summer residents forget about it until the fall, when it's time to harvest. Imagine their surprise when under the strong, healthy bushes are found only a few "lean", heavily forked rootlets, which can not be called tubers.
Jerusalem artichoke, although unpretentious, needsspecially designated area, and will not fully develop, growing in an unsuitable, untreated place. How to plant Jerusalem artichoke tubers correctly, we figured out, now let's talk about proper care for the plant.
Before emergence
The ground pear is not a potato, and it requires care even after the first shoots appear above the ground. To get a healthy plant and a good harvest, it is important to follow certain rules:
- Do not allow the appearance of a dense earthenCrust, which will not pass moisture and air. For this, the soil gently loosens. In order not to damage the plant, be guided by the crests, which remained when the tubers were instilled.
- Stable measures are being taken to eliminate weeds, that is weeding.
- Care of the plant lasts from the time of planting to harvesting.
- Feed Jerusalem artichoke once a month.
Since planting the plant and before collecting the tubers in autumn it is necessary to maintain soil moisture. To do this, try to produce abundant watering if there is not enough rainfall.
Care after appearance of sprouts
At a time when Jerusalem artichoke will actively grow,to increase the green mass, which usually occurs in the first half of the summer, it is necessary to introduce fertilizing with compounds containing a lot of nitrogen. Before planting Jerusalem artichoke, such fertilizers are not needed, there will be enough manure, but in the period of active growth the plant will need this component. With the approach of July, replace the fertilizer with potassium-phosphorus fertilizers.
Watering should be done in a weather-friendly mannerand the condition of the bushes. This is the most important moment after planting artichoke properly. If the plant does not have enough moisture, it will grow slowly, and the harvest will consist of small, highly branched tubers. In addition, drought can contribute to the attack of pests on the plant. In excess irrigation Jerusalem artichoke is also in danger: it will hit different kinds of rot and slugs.
When the plant reaches a growth of 30 to 40 centimeters, it is necessary to dip it. This exercise will allow the formation of additional roots, which will lead to a higher yield.
Further Care
In the middle of summer, Jerusalem artichoke will grow to a meter, andit will be difficult for him to keep heavy greens on his own. To prevent the stems from breaking down and continue to gain growth, plantings should be divided into bushes, erect strong supports in the form of poles and tie bushes to them with strong wire or thick threads.
To further increase the yield,It is recommended to re-rake in the second half of July. Approximately at the same time, the plant will start to bloom, do not leave color on the bushes, it will take away all the useful substances from the tubers. Cut them, cutting the Jerusalem artichoke up to one and a half meters. The collected bouquet will perfectly decorate the room, if you put it in a beautiful vase.
Harvesting and storage of crops
It is not enough to know how to plant Jerusalem artichoke and take care of it. It is also necessary to be aware of how to preserve the harvest for a longer time.
From the appearance of the first shoots to harvestingtakes an average of 120 days. But it is not enough just to dig up the tubers, it is necessary to influence the formation of thick peels, because without it the harvest can not be stored all winter, even if the conditions are ideal.
A month before the planned excavation, stopfeed the plant, and two weeks before harvest, cut the stems to leave thirty-centimetric cuttings above the ground. These procedures allow the tubers to be even more nourished with vitamins and minerals, they form a thick skin.
Growing Jerusalem artichoke in Russia showed thatthis plant is very frost-resistant. If the germs were frosty when they appeared, they would not suffer. Tubers can safely overwinter in the ground, and withstand the temperature drop to -40 degrees, but provided that the snow layer will be more than 30 centimeters.
Some tubers are specially left towintering in the soil in order to have in the first spring days delicious, preserved all useful properties of root crops. But for this it is necessary to show vigilance and dig them out immediately after the snow has fallen, otherwise the tubers will begin to germinate. All the fruits are removed from the soil, as they can become an annoying weed.
Stuffed Jerusalem artichoke in a subfield or other basement under the same conditions as potatoes. Before placing the tubers in the basement, they are well washed and dried, spread out on a dry floor under a canopy.
ethnoscience
As we already mentioned, Jerusalem artichoke is not onlytasty, but also a useful treat. To make the plant profitable, you need to know how to use it properly. We offer you to read the most useful recipes for making Jerusalem artichoke:
- If you have diabetes, you can eatJerusalem artichoke as follows: collect flowers and stems, rinse well under running water, cut the salad. You can add other vegetables, but without them, Jerusalem artichoke will be a very tasty dish, you just need to fill it with vegetable oil. Tubers are also useful for you, they should be eaten at 50 grams for half an hour before meals. Eat directly with a peel, without any seasonings and salt.
- To adjust the work of the pancreas,Increase hemoglobin and reduce blood pressure, prepare a decoction. To do this, you need to pour five tubers of Jerusalem artichoke with one liter of water, boil them until soft. The resulting broth is drunk all over the glass during the day. This broth is recommended to be taken three times a week.
- To improve the immunity can be preparedvitamin drink from leaves and stems. The material is collected during flowering, and before it starts, it is dried. After that, 20 grams of greens are poured with a liter of boiling water, insisted until cooling, filter and drink. You can drink this drink to a liter a day instead of tea. If desired, add jam or honey.
- From the headache and heartburn will save juice from the tubers. It is necessary to grate the fruit, squeeze, mix the juice with the same amount of water. Take two spoons in the morning, before breakfast. The juice is well stored in the refrigerator in a closed jar.
Conclusion
As you could see, the earth pear is prettyjust grow, it does not require complex care, it is only in time to weed, water and tie. For their small works on the site you will get a rich harvest, delicious and very useful fruits. We hope that our article on how to plant Jerusalem artichoke and take care of it will be useful to you. We wish you an excellent harvest and good health!
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